William John Wainwright RWS RBA was a celebrated British painter of genre subjects, interiors, portraits, and landscapes.
Born in Birmingham, Wainwright’s parents ran an eating house, probably from the front room of their home in Hockley Street. It would’ve been a hive of activity, frequented by regular punters from the local industries. Victorian eating houses were not usually the most salubrious of places and often reserved for men only. Plates of unspecific greasy meat, damp puddings, potatoes and fish would be served up on tarnished crockery*.
Being raised in such surroundings would’ve given the young lad plenty of creative inspiration and it’s likely he filled his sketchbooks with impromptu studies of hungry patrons. These were his formative experiences - immersed in the sights, sounds and abundant characters of Birmingham’s thriving industrial community.
Furnished with a skill for drawing, he attended Birmingham School of Art to hone his technique and by the age of 15 was employed as a draughtsman. His father had died early and the young lad was keen to raise funds for his family. He worked for the esteemed stained glass manufacturer, Hardman & Co - undertaking various projects in ecclesiastical settings.
Praised for his early success, he headed for Antwerp to study with the well-regarded educator, Charles Verlat (1824-1890). Verlat’s approach was entirely conventional and looked back to the Old Masters for inspiration. He famously had an argument with Vincent Van Gogh about his unconventional style of drawing.
Wainwright’s time in Antwerp was life-changing as it not only enhanced his finesse but also provided access to museums and masterpieces for study purposes. He gained a rich understanding of chiaroscuro, tone, and the underlying principles of solid composition. As such, many of his scenes are comparable with those produced by Adriaen Brouwer or Frans Hals.
Following an unfortunate incident whereby he was snubbed by the local hanging committee, he left for Paris to begin part deux of his continental education. He lived here awhile, also sending works to London for exhibition at the Royal Academy. His ‘An Ancient Musician’ was shown while he was still in France and he became a member of both the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists and the Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours.
In 1884, he returned to London, staying briefly with friends William Arthur Breakspeare and Norman Garstin, before heading for the buoyant fishing village of Newlyn in Cornwall. His time here is somewhat overstated due to the popularity of the ‘Newlyn School’ of painters - and stylistically he wasn’t part of this school at all. While its key protagonist Stanhope Forbes was painting thriving beach scenes under the glow of a Cornish morning, Wainwright was sketching gnarled fishermen in dark interiors staring intently towards the breakers.
It’s said that the bright skies of Newlyn damaged his eyesight, forcing him indoors, into the confines of his studio. But one gets the impression that he was most at home when painting timeless interiors in a 17th-century setting. Cornwall seems all too ‘modern’.
The Drunkard (1889)
He was back in Birmingham by 1886, where he married, raised a family, and remained for the rest of his life. In 1927, he was elected as the President of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists and held a solo exhibition the following year.
Today, as we look back across his oeuvre, we see an artist who treasured life’s characters - their stories, experiences, and most of all, their company. He stands for Birmingham, a city of communities, where its people are at the heart of its collective spirit.
He’s represented at the Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, and the Royal Watercolour Society.
*Not to be disparaging in any way to the Wainwrights’ particular establishment, which was probably remarkably clean and wholesome.
Exhibited
Royal Academy, Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours.
Public Collections
Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, Royal Watercolour Society.
Timeline
1855
Born in Birmingham, England, to Joseph Marsh Wainwright, an ‘Eating House Keeper’, and Jane Wainwright (born Clemson).
1861
Lived at Upper Hockley Street, Birmingham, with his parents, brother and a servant.
Trained at the Birmingham School of Art under Edward R Taylor (1838-1911).
1871
Lived at Upper Hockley Street, Birmingham, with his mother, cousin, and a servant. Occupation recorded as “Draughtsman”.
Apprenticed as a stained glass designer at Hardman & Co.
1879
Founded the Birmingham Art Circle.
Enrolled at the Antwerp Academy under Charles Verlat (1824-1890).
1881-1884
Studied in Paris.
1881
Elected an associate of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists.
Travelled to Newyln, Cornwall.
C. 1883
Elected a member of the Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours.
1883
Debuted at the Royal Academy with ‘An Ancient Musician’. Address given as 17 Rue Notre Dame, Paris.
1884
Lived in Newlyn, Cornwall.
1886
Moved to Birmingham.
1890
Married Bertha Mary Powell. The pair would have eight children.
1891
Lived in Edgbaston, Birmingham, with his wife and a domestic servant. Occupation recorded as “Artist of paintings and watercolours”.
1901
Lived in Edgbaston, Birmingham, with his wife, children and servants. Occupation recorded as “Pictorial Artist”.
1911
Lived in Edgbaston, Birmingham, with his wife, children and a servant. Occupation recorded as “Artist”.
1921
Lived in Edgbaston, Birmingham, with his wife, and children and a servant. Occupation recorded as “Artist and member of the Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours”.
1927
Elected as President of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists.
1928
Solo exhibition at the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists.
1931
Died in Birmingham.